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(No Model.) 5 sheets-sheen l.

F. D. GUMMER.

DRIBR.

Patented Aug. 27, 1895.

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11D. CUMMBR. DRIER.

Nol 545,121. Y Patented Aug. 27, 1895.

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ATT'DE' N Ex (No Model.)

F. D. CUMMER.

DRIBP..

No. 545,121. Patented Aug. 27d 1895.

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F. D. SUMMER. DRIER.

4No. 545,121. Patented Aug. 27,1895.

@@@QQQ @@@QQQ @@@QQQ :EMM/7L ATT CHTN E Y Nrrnn STATES PATENT rrrcn,

FRANKLlN DAVID CUMMER., OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO ELIZA E. CUMMER,.OF SAME PLACE.

DRIER.

EPECIFECATION forming part or" Letters Patent No. 545321, dated August27, 1 895.

AppimnmfnedAprn16,1895. serrano. 545,846 fNomodl-.t

To all w'wit t may concern:

Be it known that l, FRANKIAN DAVID CUM- MER, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and f; State ofOhio,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Driers; and Idoliereby declare'that the following is a full, clear, and exactdescription of the invention,which will enable others skilled in the artto which io it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to improvements in drying apparatus; and itconsists in the construc-tion of apparatus substantially as shown anddescribed, and particularly pointed out i in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a longitudinal sectionalelevation of a drying apparatus constructed according to my in ventionand embodying one form thereof.

z: Fig. 2 is a central longitudinal sectional elef vation of a modifiedform of machine and apparatus as compared with Fig. l and enlargedrelatively thereto and broken out in the center. Fig. 3 is a rearelevation of the z5 machine as shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a sideelevation of still a further modification of the invention,showing thelarger part of the machine in. section and disclosing a dust-cham ber atthe top, as hereinafter more fully de- 3 scribed. Fig. 5 is across-section of the drier and associated parts on a line correspondingto rc x, Fig. 4; and Fig. 6 is a front elevation of the apparatus shownin Fig. 4, with a part of the front Wall and other portions broken away,so as to show the internal construction,

as hereinafter more fully described. Fig. 2a

is an elevation of sections of the front spiderhead and theencircling-ring over the saine.

Referring first to the invention disclosed 4o in Fig. 1, We have afurnace A,which may be constructed to burn coal, gas, vapor, or otherfuel, and a flue or passage-Way B for the products of combustion betweenthe air-inlet floor O beneath said passage and the perforated arch Dover the same and through which the products of combustion are admittedinto the cylinder or dryingchamber above. This construction in any broadsense is not regarded as new in this case, it being shown in a prel 5ovious application, Serial No. 540,582. Heretofore, however, l have shownthe cylinder E so arranged that the products of combustion entered Thecylinder at its end and the dried material passed out of the cylinder atthe same place, except as the hooded openings for the inlet of heatappear in the side of the cylinder in the above-mentioned application.The rear wall F in that instance was removed back sufficiently, and thetrunnion or journal 2 of the cylinder was extended so as to make roomfor a draft and exit-passage at the rear of the cylinder. I have,however, found it desirable, for various reasons and purposes, toprovide openings or holes 5 in the side at the rear end of cylinder E atintervals around the same, and so arranged that the dried material isdischarged into the conveyer Ll, and the products of combustion enterthe cylinder E through said holes. ln this case the end proper of thesaid cylinder may be entirely closed, or it may'have valved air-inlets,so as to allow more or less air to enter, or none at all, according asmay be found desirable in drying the material in hand. In this case thecylinder is driven by gearingarranged at the front of the apparatus, thegear- Wheel 6 being shown on the shaft and enlarged' and shown moredistinctly in Fig. 2. The shaft or elongated trunnon 7 is rigidlysecured in the spider H by spline or other- Wise, and is supported upontwo bearings 9 and 10, and has flanges or stops 1l and l2 at either sideof the outer bearing l0. These flanges or their equivalents might beemployed with either or both of the said bearings, their object being toprevent any longitudinal movement whatever at this end of the ma chineon account of expansion and contraction of the parts by cold or heat.Such eX- pansion or contraction is provided for by the rear journal 2,which is free to slide back and forth in its self-lubricating bearing 2.A rod or bolt l2 extends longitudinally through hollow shaft or.trunnion 7 and projects through beyond both ends thereof, and a yoke orbrace 14 is connected with the rear end of the said rod, and has itsends fixed to the inside of the cylinder E. On the outer eXtremity ofthe said rod is a spring 16, secured thereon by nut and washer, andresting between said Washer and the end of the said shaft 7. Two or moresuch yokes or braces IOO le may be used. The nut and washer may beturned up, increasing the tension of spring 16 until it overcomes thesliding tendency of the cylinder rearwar-d, and thereby keeping saidparts in their proper working position. L is a reinforcing-ring of thepeculiar shape shown and riveted on the front end of the cylinder E.This ring closely encircles the periphery 17 of the spider or head H,and is locked to turn therewith, as hereinafter fully described. Thisperiphery 17 is turned down so as to be perfectly true, and has anannular Hange or rib 20, likewise turned true on its inner side, so asto be at right angles to the shaft 7 and have a smooth wearing-surfacefor ring L. The said reinforcing-ring L likewise is turned true on itsinner surface, so as 4to loosely t upon the periphery of head H and totit nicely about the flange 20. In the operation of the machine it isdesigned that the ring L should work in contact with the flange 2O andthus form a closeworking connection at this point. .By the foregoingconstruction it will at once become obvious if for any reason the shaft7 should settle or otherwise get out of line with the cylinder E,because it would at once show by the separation of ange 2O and ring L.The spring 1G and rod l2 serve the further office of maintaining a freeworking union between the said ring and flange 20 and maintains adust-tight joint. The periphery 17 of the spider has lugs 22 on itssurface and a corresponding lug is made on the ring L to engage betweensaid lugs, and one or more of these lugs may be used to form connectionbetween said parts to rotate the cylinder, but should be so constructedthat they will not interfere with a slight back and forth slidingmovement between said parts as the machine may require and is best forall purposes. A suitable packing-ring N is arranged about the outer edgeofthe ring L, andthe breeching 23- and the periphery and the spider H,the ring L, and the cylinder E, with the shaft 7, are all rotatedtogether.

Referring again to the rear of the apparatus, Fig. 2, we see that thetrunnion or journal 2 is hollow, and that the arms of the spider 25likewise are hollow and have openings 26 for the admission of air, andan opening 27 is formed centrally in the spider to admit air directlythrough said journal into the cylinder E. These passages may have meansfor closing them, if desired. A rim O is rigidly' secured to thecylinder about its surface near the periphery of the spider 25, in orderto obtain a true circular surface to pack against with the packing-ringP, thereby making a close joint at this point. The said packing-ring inits turn is secured to the breeching Q, which is secured to thebrickwork and to which the packingringP is fixed and adapted tothe ringO. The cylinderE is provided with hoods R over the scattered openingsthrough the side of the cylinder for the admission of heated air and theproducts of combustion and cylinder.

as described in the application hereinbefore mentioned. Asmall hood 30is arranged about the inlet 27 from hollow journal 2 in the rear ot' thecylinder to prevent the material that is tossed about on the insidethereof from leaking out through the said hole. One very materialadvantage in this style of drier is the fact that it is practicallyimpossible to over-hre and to burn out any part thereof. Hitherto,without the arch D and with the cylinder exposed to the direct contactof the full volume of heat from the furnace, there has been danger ofburning out the cylinder at the point where the greatest heat wouldstrike it, because it sometimes occurred that persons would purchasemachines of a smaller size and with less capacity than their businessdemanded and then would try to make up for lack of size and workingcapacity by increased volume of heat sent through the machine. Theywould. therefore, in many instances tire excessively and burn outcylinders for that reason alone. I have, therefore, found it a verygreat advantage to usea perforated arch beneath tbe cylinder, as hereinshown and described, and so constructed and arranged that the productsof combustion are gradually admitted to the cylinder and are reduced intemperature by fresh air admitted and commingled therewith if desired,so that now there is no possibility of so-caller. excessive firing in afurnace of this description, and any amount of firing maybe done and theheat can be taken care of and utilized and distributed so as to beeffective for drying purposes and not en tail injury upon the cylinderor other parts of the machine. ln this way, we can, in fact.successfully employ two or three times as much heat as formerly with anygiven size or' machine and not work injury to any part. The foregoingform of machine is therefore to be considered as one which is especiallyadapted to the use of very high and what might be considered excessivetemperatures. and to be used where a large amount of work is to be doneby crowding the machine, but with the understanding that the materialhandled in this way is not of a combustible or explosive nature.

Referring now to Fig. 4 and incidentally to Figs. 5 and 6, we find aform of drier corresponding in all respects tothe drier shown in Fig. land bearing the saine references except as modified beneath theperforated floor C of the passage-way B. Here I have introduced a seriesof coiled pipes C3 for the purpose of utilizing waste steam to heat theair, which is admitted tothe air-chamber beneath said floor, because itis sometimes desirable to have heated air at this point, and thus notonly economize the otherwise waste heat o1' the exhaust-steam but alsoto contribute to the temperature in the furnace-chambers and passages.The main point of invention in this figure, however, is found in thedustchamber, which is arranged over the furnace The walls of thedrier-setting IOO terminate just above the cylinder-chamber, and areshown in the preceding figures, especially Fig. 1, but I have found itdesirable to have a dust-room in which to trap the dust that may bedischarged or drawn away with the products of combustion from thedryingcylinder, especially when such dusts are for any reason valuable,as often occurs. 'lhus it is not infrequent that the apparatus is usedto dry materials that are very light and tine when dry and the dust ofwhich is very valuable. I have therefore constructed a dust-room overthe walls'ot the drier-chamber, because I find this both a convenientand desirable arrangement, although, ofcourse, the dust-room might belocated at any other convenient and desirable place. As here shown, Ihave erected walls 50 upon the sides and ends of the drying-chamber,which may be eight inches, more or less, in thickness and of anydesirable height. The chamber thus formed is covered over in the mannershown with angle-irons 5l transversely thereof and the bricks 52intermediate of said irons, so that the chamber when completed will beabsolutely non-combustible, especially when inflammable or eX- plosivematerials are being dried. If noncombustible or nonexplosive materialsare dried, the chambers may, of course, be of c ombnstible materials.One or more outlets 54, as may be required, are located at the top ofthe said chamber. At the front of the dustchamber the passage way orilue 56 leads from the breeching 57 at the front of the dryingcylinder,and a blower or its equivalent 58 is located in the elbow or pipe 59,that extends from said flue 5G into the discharge-cylinder 60 in thesaid dust-chamber. This short pipe or elbow 59 may, indeed, be the outerextremity of cylinder 60, and the said cylinder eX- tends lengthwise ofthe dustchamber the full length thereof. It has either a singlecontinuous opening lengthwise at its bottom or two or more openings thefull length thereof, or their equivalent, at or near its bottom. I haveshown in this instance three longitudinal openings 62, and the dischargefrom the furnace of ali the products ot combustion and heated air andwhatever else may be carried away therewith is through the cylinder 60and these openings 62. The part 60 is preferably shown as cylindrical,but it may have a different shape and serve the same purpose, and at itsbottom and outside are longitudinal plates G5 arranged in V shape,converging from the sides of the cylinder downward, and at the bottom ofthese plates in reverse or inverted position is a V-shaped deflector 66,which conveys the dust laterally somewhat, while the products ofcombustion escape between said two sets of plates and 66. Within therectangular dust-chamber is an internal chamber,\/ shape incross-section and formed by walls 70. At the bottom of this chamber is alongitudinal conveyer 7l for carrying the accumulated dust out through lthe front end of the said chamber and back into the breeching at thefront to be mingled with the fresh material to be dried; but it may beotherwise cared for. It will be noticed that the products of combustiondisappear from this inner chamber through the lines or inlets 5l at thetop, and it will also be noticed that the discharge from cylinder GO andthe chutes beneath the same is constantly downward, so as to promote thedepositing ot the dust and prevent its being carried out through theilues 54. The advantage of this arrangement must be obvious, becausewhile the products of combustion are considerable and thc blower 5S isconstantly at worl: the action of the blower is practically exhaustedand lost inthe cylinder GO, and there is no especial force or draftpresent in the dustchamber to disturb the quiet settlement of the dustat the bottom thereof, especially since the parts G5 and 66 are soarranged as to prevent any disturbance of the dust at the bottom of thechamber 70 by the draft through the bot-tom of the cylinder 60. Betweenthe outer wallof the dust-chamber and the inner walls 70 I place aseries of steampipes 8O to heat air, which is taken to thecylinder-chamber E, Fig. 6, through the inletopenings 8l and thedownpassage S2 in the wall of the furnace into the said cylinderchamber,thus utilizing the otherwise waste space in the dust-chamber and theexhauststeam as well.

What I claim is- 1. In a drying apparatus, a drying cylinder, a spiderin the end of the cylinder, a hollow trunnion for said spider, a springpressed. rod through said trunnion, and arms connected with the innerend of said rod and the inside of said cylinder back Vfrom the end-thereof, substantially as set forth.

2. The drying cylinder and a ring fixed thereto at one end and ajournaled spider encircled by said ring a rod through the journal ot'said spider and connecting arms from the inner end of said rod totheinside of the cylinder, said rod provided with a spring to yieldlongitudinally, substantially as set forth.

3. The construction described consisting of the cylinder and the ringabout its front end, the hollow journaled spider having a ring shapedperiphery overlapped by the ring on said cylinder and the said ringsconstructed to engage and rotate together whereby the cylinder isturned, a rod through said spider journal, a spring encircling the rodoutside said journal and the yoke or arms connected with the inner endof said rod and the inside of 'the cylinder, substantially as set forth.

4. The cylinder and the ring fixed to the end thereof, in combinationwith a spider having its periphery overlapped by the said ring andhaving a projection on its periphery against which the said ring isadapted to bear, connections independent of said spider to hold saidring and spider in operative rela- ICO tion, said connections fixed tothe said cylinder some distance from its end, substantially as setforth.

5. In a drying apparatus as described, a drying cylinder having hoodedinlets between its ends for the passage of the products of combustionand heated air and openings at its rear and side for the further inletof products of combustion and for the discharge of the dried material,substantially as set forth.

6. The drying cylinder described, having a series of openings about itsrear and side through which the dried material is discharged and theproducts of combustion are admitted to said cylinder, and having asupporting spider and journal in its rear end outside said openings,substantially as set forth.

7. In a drying apparatus, a furnace and heating chamber and a rotatingdrying cylinder in said chamber, in combination with a dust collectingchamber and a walled passage in said chamber constructed to promotedeposition of the dust, a draft passage from said cylinder to saidwalled passage, and a blower to promote artificial draft through saidpassages, substantially as described.

8. The apparatus comprising the furnace and heating chamber and arotating cylinder in said chamber, in combination with a dust collectingchamber' over the said heating chamber, a draft passage from thecylinder to said chamber, and a blower in said passage, substantially asdescribed.

9. The dust chamber described having an inlet from the furnace and ablower connected therewith, and a passage way in said chamber providedwith an opening along its bottom and closed about its sides and top andan outlet at the top of said chamber for the escape of the products ofcombustion substantially as set forth.

l0. In a drying apparatus, a dust collecting chamber provided with aninlet passage extending into the same and open along its bottom, and adeflector or guard along the sides and bottom of the said passage topromote the deposit of the indowing dust. at the bottom of said chamber,substantially as set forth.

ll. In a drying apparatus as described, a cylinder through which theproducts of combustion and the material dried pass in oppositedirections, Ain combination with a dust'. chamber, a iue from saidcylinder into said dust chamber and a blower in said flue, said dustchamber provided with means to promote the depositing of the dust at thebottom of said chamber, and the said chamber having sides convergingtoward the bottom thereof, substantially as set forth.

l2. The dust chamber having an outside inclosing wall and insidedownwardly converging sides -70- and a conveyer at the bottom of saidsides 70-, substantially as set forth.

13. The dust chamber having the converging inner side Walls and theconveyer at the bottom thereof, in combination with the dust cation this11th day of March, 1895.

-FRANKLIN DAVID CUMMER.

Vitnesses:

E. J. THOBABEN, J. A. LYNCH.

